簡單來說:電機中固定的部分叫做定子（stator）,在其上面裝設了成對的直流勵磁的靜止的主磁極;而旋轉部分(轉子-rotor）叫電樞鐵心,在上面要裝設電樞繞組,通電后產生感應電動勢,充當旋轉磁場.后產生電磁轉矩進行能量轉換.以定子繞組的形狀與嵌裝方式區分，定子繞組根據線圈繞制的形狀與嵌裝布線方式不同，可分為集中式和分布式兩類。

集中(zhong)式繞組

       集(ji)中式繞組(zu)應用(yong)于凸(tu)極(ji)(ji)式定子，通常繞制成(cheng)矩形線(xian)圈，經(jing)紗帶包(bao)扎定型，再經(jing)浸漆烘干(gan)處(chu)理后(hou)，嵌裝在凸(tu)形磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)的鐵(tie)心上。一般(ban)換向器式電(dian)動機(ji)(包(bao)括直流電(dian)機(ji)和通用(yong)電(dian)動機(ji))的激磁(ci)線(xian)圈以(yi)及(ji)單相罩極(ji)(ji)式凸(tu)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)動機(ji)的主極(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)都采用(yong)集(ji)中式繞組(zu)。

       集(ji)中式(shi)(shi)繞組通常每極(ji)(ji)有(you)一只線圈(quan)，但也有(you)采用庶(shu)極(ji)(ji)(隱(yin)極(ji)(ji))形(xing)式(shi)(shi)的(de)，如框架(jia)式(shi)(shi)罩極(ji)(ji)電動機就是(shi)用一只線圈(quan)形(xing)成兩極(ji)(ji)的(de)電動機。

分(fen)布式繞組

       分布式(shi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的電動機定(ding)子沒有凸形極(ji)掌(zhang)，每個磁(ci)極(ji)由一個或幾個線圈(quan)按照一定(ding)的規律嵌(qian)裝布線組(zu)(zu)成線圈(quan)組(zu)(zu)，通電后(hou)形成不(bu)同(tong)極(ji)性(xing)的磁(ci)極(ji)，故也稱隱極(ji)式(shi)。根據嵌(qian)裝布線排列形式(shi)的不(bu)同(tong)，分布式(shi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)又可分為同(tong)心式(shi)和疊式(shi)兩(liang)類。

       (1)同(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)式繞(rao)組(zu)(zu) 同(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)式繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)是由幾個形(xing)狀相似但大小不同(tong)(tong)的(de)線(xian)圈，按同(tong)(tong)一(yi)中心(xin)(xin)位置嵌(qian)裝成回字形(xing)狀的(de)線(xian)圈組(zu)(zu)。同(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)可根據不同(tong)(tong)的(de)布線(xian)方式而構成雙平(ping)(ping)面(mian)或三(san)(san)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)。一(yi)般單相電動機(ji)及部分小功率或大跨距線(xian)圈的(de)三(san)(san)相異步(bu)電動機(ji)的(de)定(ding)子繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)采用這種(zhong)型式。

        (2)疊(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)繞組(zu)(zu)疊(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)繞組(zu)(zu)一般(ban)是(shi)(shi)由形狀(zhuang)、大(da)小相(xiang)同的(de)線(xian)圈(quan)，分(fen)別以每槽嵌(qian)(qian)裝1個或兩個線(xian)圈(quan)邊，并(bing)在槽外端部逐個相(xiang)疊(die)(die)(die)均(jun)勻分(fen)布(bu)的(de)形式(shi)(shi)。疊(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)繞組(zu)(zu)又分(fen)單(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)和雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)兩種。每槽只嵌(qian)(qian)入一個線(xian)圈(quan)邊的(de)為(wei)單(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)繞組(zu)(zu)，或稱(cheng)單(dan)疊(die)(die)(die)繞組(zu)(zu)；每槽嵌(qian)(qian)入兩個屬(shu)不(bu)同線(xian)圈(quan)組(zu)(zu)的(de)線(xian)圈(quan)邊時是(shi)(shi)分(fen)置于槽中(zhong)上、下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，為(wei)雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)繞組(zu)(zu)，或稱(cheng)雙(shuang)(shuang)疊(die)(die)(die)繞組(zu)(zu)。根據嵌(qian)(qian)裝布(bu)線(xian)方式(shi)(shi)變化不(bu)同，疊(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)繞組(zu)(zu)又可派生(sheng)出(chu)交叉式(shi)(shi)、同心交叉式(shi)(shi)以及(ji)單(dan)雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)混合(he)式(shi)(shi)等型(xing)式(shi)(shi)。目前，一般(ban)功率較大(da)的(de)三相(xiang)異(yi)步電動機(ji)定子繞組(zu)(zu)較多采(cai)用雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)；而小電機(ji)則多用單(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)繞組(zu)(zu)中(zhong)的(de)派生(sheng)型(xing)式(shi)(shi)，但極少采(cai)用單(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)繞組(zu)(zu)。

轉(zhuan)子繞組

       交(jiao)流異步電動機(ji)的(de)(de)轉子(zi)(zi)繞組分(fen)鼠(shu)籠型(xing)(xing)與(yu)繞線(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)類。鼠(shu)籠型(xing)(xing)結(jie)構較為(wei)簡單(dan)，一般由合金(jin)鋁澆注(zhu)人(ren)轉子(zi)(zi)鐵心槽(cao)內并由兩(liang)端端環短接而(er)成；也有(you)用(yong)(yong)銅條嵌入(ru)再焊(han)上(shang)(shang)銅質(zhi)端環的(de)(de)。為(wei)了改善(shan)起(qi)動性能，鼠(shu)籠型(xing)(xing)又(you)可制成深槽(cao)式(shi)及雙(shuang)鼠(shu)籠等特殊型(xing)(xing)式(shi)。繞線(xian)(xian)型(xing)(xing)轉子(zi)(zi)繞組與(yu)定子(zi)(zi)繞組相(xiang)同，它除(chu)可用(yong)(yong)上(shang)(shang)述(shu)各式(shi)繞組外(wai)，還可用(yong)(yong)波(bo)形(xing)繞組。波(bo)形(xing)繞組是由單(dan)匝或幾匝的(de)(de)桿(gan)形(xing)單(dan)元(yuan)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，嵌裝后由兩(liang)個元(yuan)件在(zai)端部焊(han)接成一只(zhi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，并形(xing)成整個繞組，其布接線(xian)(xian)原理與(yu)上(shang)(shang)述(shu)繞組不(bu)同，但外(wai)形(xing)與(yu)雙(shuang)層疊繞組相(xiang)似。波(bo)形(xing)繞組常應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于大型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流電動機(ji)轉子(zi)(zi)繞組及直流電動機(ji)的(de)(de)電樞繞組。

       定子繞組(zu)不同(tong)的(de)接線形(xing)式(shi)可(ke)以形(xing)成不同(tong)的(de)極性，電(dian)動(dong)機根據其極性關系(xi)，可(ke)分(fen)為顯極式(shi)與(yu)庶極式(shi)兩種類型(xing)。

1．顯極式(shi)繞組

      一臺(tai)具有四(si)個(ge)(ge)凸極(ji)的電(dian)動機定子，它的每只線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)磁(ci)(ci)極(ji)；而且相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin)兩(liang)只線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)所形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的極(ji)性(xing)不同；在(zai)(zai)四(si)個(ge)(ge)凸極(ji)上(shang)就(jiu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了(le)四(si)個(ge)(ge)磁(ci)(ci)極(ji)。所以，在(zai)(zai)顯極(ji)式繞(rao)組(zu)中(zhong)，每組(zu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)磁(ci)(ci)極(ji)，即繞(rao)組(zu)的線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)組(zu)數與磁(ci)(ci)極(ji)數相(xiang)(xiang)等。此外，為使(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin)磁(ci)(ci)極(ji)能呈N、s極(ji)性(xing)成(cheng)對存在(zai)(zai)，則(ze)必須使(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin)兩(liang)組(zu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)里的電(dian)流方(fang)向(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)。因此相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)組(zu)的連(lian)接方(fang)式必須是(shi)反(fan)接串(chuan)聯，也就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)工術語稱(cheng)之為“頭(tou)(tou)接頭(tou)(tou)”、“尾(wei)接尾(wei)”。

       實際上，除直(zhi)流電機(ji)及(ji)單相凸極(ji)式(shi)罩極(ji)電動機(ji)外，一般定子都沒有凸出的極(ji)掌。本圖是為(wei)了較(jiao)形(xing)象地說(shuo)明(ming)問題而采用(yong)示(shi)意的畫法。

2．庶極式繞組

        是一臺(tai)庶(shu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)式四極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)定子的(de)(de)(de)(de)形象示意圖(tu)。由圖(tu)可見，相(xiang)鄰(lin)兩組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)是相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，都是s極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，由于(yu)同(tong)(tong)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)相(xiang)斥的(de)(de)(de)(de)原理(li)，使線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)場經相(xiang)鄰(lin)凸(tu)(tu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)返回構成(cheng)閉合磁(ci)路；從(cong)而(er)使沒有線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凸(tu)(tu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上產生異極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)N磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。所(suo)以(yi)，在(zai)(zai)庶(shu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)式繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中，每(mei)個線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)將形成(cheng)一對磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，每(mei)相(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)數(shu)為磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一半。   在(zai)(zai)庶(shu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)式繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中，因為每(mei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)都相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，因而(er)所(suo)有線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)電流方(fang)向都相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，即相(xiang)鄰(lin)兩個線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是順接(jie)(jie)串聯，如圖(tu)(b)所(suo)示。這種接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方(fang)式便是電工俗稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)“首(shou)尾相(xiang)接(jie)(jie)”，即“尾接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)”連接(jie)(jie)。

      電(dian)機(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)線圈組(zu)構成(cheng)一相或整個(ge)(ge)電(dian)磁(ci)電(dian)路的組(zu)合體；而(er)線圈組(zu)則由(you)(you)一個(ge)(ge)或多(duo)個(ge)(ge)線圈順接串聯而(er)成(cheng)。因此線圈是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)動機(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)的基本元件，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)導線(圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或矩形(xing)(xing)截面(mian)導線)按一定(ding)形(xing)(xing)狀繞(rao)制(zhi)而(er)成(cheng)。線圈可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一匝(za)，也(ye)可(ke)由(you)(you)數百上(shang)千匝(za)繞(rao)成(cheng)，其匝(za)數的多(duo)少主要取決于電(dian)源電(dian)壓和電(dian)動機(ji)電(dian)磁(ci)部分的參數，并由(you)(you)計算確定(ding)。

      電(dian)(dian)動機線(xian)圈的形狀有(you)多種，但其基本(ben)結構由三部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)，即嵌入鐵(tie)心槽內的直(zhi)線(xian)部(bu)分(fen)稱(cheng)(cheng)有(you)效邊(bian)(bian)，而一只線(xian)圈有(you)兩個有(you)效邊(bian)(bian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產生電(dian)(dian)磁能(neng)量轉(zhuan)換(huan)的有(you)效部(bu)分(fen)；連接(jie)兩有(you)效邊(bian)(bian)的部(bu)分(fen)，在線(xian)圈嵌裝后處于(yu)鐵(tie)心兩端槽外，稱(cheng)(cheng)線(xian)圈端部(bu)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)線(xian)圈構成(cheng)必不(bu)可(ke)少的部(bu)分(fen)，但不(bu)能(neng)作(zuo)能(neng)量轉(zhuan)換(huan)；引(yin)線(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)線(xian)圈繞制(zhi)后的首、尾(wei)線(xian)頭，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)引(yin)接(jie)線(xian)圈電(dian)(dian)流的連接(jie)點。

      集(ji)中式繞(rao)(rao)組的(de)(de)繞(rao)(rao)制和嵌(qian)裝比較簡單，但效率較低，運(yun)行性能(neng)也差(cha)。目前(qian)的(de)(de)交流(liu)電動(dong)機定(ding)子絕大部分都是應(ying)用分布式繞(rao)(rao)組，根據不同機種、型(xing)號(hao)及(ji)線圈嵌(qian)繞(rao)(rao)的(de)(de)工藝條件，電動(dong)機各自設計采用不同的(de)(de)繞(rao)(rao)組型(xing)式和規格，故其繞(rao)(rao)組的(de)(de)技術參數(shu)也不相同。